Typography is most commonly performed by Typographers, Graphic Artists, and Art Directors, however the digital age opened up typography to a new age of visual designers
Basically typography is what language looks like when it is expressed on any media/material. This could be paper, billboards, vehicles, canvass, Computer screen, etc.
- Type glyphs are created using a variety of illustration techniques
The Arrangement of Type
The arrangement of Type is the selection of
- Typefaces
- Point size
- Line Length
- Leading
- Kerning
The Anatomy of Type
The Anatomy of letter form consists of
- Stem
- Baseline
- Ascender
- Descender
- Counter
- Serif
- X-Height
- Many More Characteristics (See image to the right)
Contrast
The amount of variation in between thick and thin strokes.
 Minimum contrast |  Extreme contrast |
Counter
The empty space inside the body stroke.
Descender.
The lowercase character stroke which extends below the baseline.
Loop
The bottom part of the lowercase roman ‘g’.
Sans serif
From the French, meaning “without serif”. A typeface which has no serifs.Sans serif typefaces are typically uniform in stroke width.
Serif
Tapered corners on the ends of the main stroke. Serifs originated with the chiseled guides made by ancient stonecutters as they lettered monuments. Some serif designs may also be traced back to characteristics of hand calligraphy. Note that serif type is typically thick and thin in stroke weight.
Shoulder
The part of a curved stroke coming from the stem.
Stem
A stroke which is vertical or diagonal.
Stress
The direction in which a curved stroke changes weight.
| Oblique, or angled, stress | Semi-oblique stress | Vertical stress |
Terminal
The end of a stroke which does not terminate in a serif.
X-height
The height of the body, minus ascenders and descenders, which is equal to the height of the lowercase ‘x’.
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| X-heights vary among typefaces in the same point size and strongly effect readability and gray vaule of text blocks. | ||
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